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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with clinical presentations of progressive cognitive and memory deterioration. The pathologic hallmarks of AD include tau neurofibrillary ...
Olfactory sensory neurons detect odourants via multiple long cilia that protrude from their dendritic endings. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5C was identified as part of the olfactory ciliary membrane pro...
Rhabdomeric photoreceptors of eyes in the terrestrial slug Limax are the typical invertebrate-type but unique in that three visual opsins (Gq-coupled rhodopsin, xenopsin, Opn5A) and one retinochrome, all belongin...
Angiogenesis, or the growth of new vasculature from existing blood vessels, is widely considered a primary hallmark of cancer progression. When a tumor is small, diffusion is sufficient to receive essential nu...
Recent studies have shown that, owning to its cohesive cleavage, Cas9-mediated CRISPR gene editing outcomes at junctions of chromosomal rearrangements or DNA-fragment editing are precise and predictable; howev...
Physical activity and several pharmacological approaches individually combat age-associated conditions and extend healthy longevity in model systems. It is tantalizing to extrapolate that combining geroprotect...
Genomic prediction describes the use of SNP genotypes to predict complex traits and has been widely applied in humans and agricultural species. Genotyping-by-sequencing, a method which uses low-coverage sequen...
Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes are retrieved to obtain mature oocytes by in vitro maturation (IVM), a laboratory tool in reproductive medicine to obtain mature oocytes. Unfortunately, the efficiency of IVM ...
Sea snakes underwent a complete transition from land to sea within the last ~ 15 million years, yet they remain a conspicuous gap in molecular studies of marine adaptation in vertebrates.
Biodiversity exists at different levels of organisation: e.g. genetic, individual, population, species, and community. These levels of organisation all exist within the same system, with diversity patterns eme...
Disrupted germline differentiation or compromised testis development can lead to subfertility or infertility and are strongly associated with testis cancer in humans. In mice, SRY and SOX9 induce expression of Fg...
Berberine (BBR) is a commonly used anti-intestinal inflammation drug, and its anti-cancer activity has been found recently. BBR can intervene and control malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) through intestinal mi...
The rapid reproduction of malaria parasites requires proper iron uptake. However, the process of iron absorption by parasites is rarely studied. Divalent metal transporter (DMT1) is a critical iron transporter...
One of the main functions of behavioral plasticity lies in the ability to contend with dynamic environments. Indeed, while numerous studies have shown that animals adapt their behavior to the environment, how ...
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, Esr2) plays a pivotal role in folliculogenesis and ovulation, yet its exact mechanism of action is mainly uncharacterized.
The individual lifestyle and environment of an organism can influence its phenotype and potentially the phenotype of its offspring. The different genetic and non-genetic components of the inheritance system an...
Many organisms rely on mineral nutrients taken directly from the soil or aquatic environment, and therefore, developed mechanisms to cope with the limitation of a given essential nutrient. For example, photosy...
Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is the major vector that transmits many diseases including dengue, Zika, and filariasis in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to the growing resistance to chemical-based insecticide...
Sex differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been found across multiple tissues. Skeletal muscle is one of the most sex-biased tissues of the body. MiRNAs are necessary for development and have...
Fraction of functional sequence in the human genome remains a key unresolved question in Biology and the subject of vigorous debate. While a plethora of studies have connected a significant fraction of human D...
The original article was published in BMC Biology 2022 20:166
Microbiome analysis is becoming a standard component in many scientific studies, but also requires extensive quality control of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data prior to analysis. In particular, when investig...
Mayflies are basal winged insects of crucial importance for the understanding of the early evolution of Pterygota. Unlike all other insects, they have two successive winged stages, the subimago and the imago. ...
The red junglefowl, the wild outgroup of domestic chickens, has historically served as a reference for genomic studies of domestic chickens. These studies have provided insight into the etiology of traits of c...
Unlike most free-living platyhelminths, catenulids, the sister group to all remaining flatworms, do not have eyes. Instead, the most prominent sensory structures in their heads are statocysts or sensory pits. ...
Lepidoptera is one of the most species-rich animal groups, with substantial karyotype variations among species due to chromosomal rearrangements. Knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of lepidopteran chromoso...
Long-range interactions between promoters and cis-regulatory elements, such as enhancers, play critical roles in gene regulation. However, the role of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure in orchestrating c...
In agricultural ecosystems, outbreaks of diseases are frequent and pose a significant threat to food security. A successful pathogen undergoes a complex and well-timed sequence of regulatory changes to avoid d...
RNA editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) occurs in all metazoans and fulfils several functions. Here, we examined effects of acclimation temperature (27 °C, 18 °C,13 °C) on editing patterns in six ...
The original article was published in BMC Biology 2021 19:12
Ubiquitylation (ubi) of the intracellular domain of the Notch ligand Delta (Dl) by the E3 ligases Neuralized (Neur) and Mindbomb1 (Mib1) on lysines (Ks) is thought to be essential for the its signalling activi...
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria membrane contact sites (MCS) are extensively studied in aerobic eukaryotes; however, little is known about MCS in anaerobes with reduced forms of mitochondria named ...
Mutualistic interactions, which constitute some of the most advantageous interactions among fish species, are highly vulnerable to environmental changes. A key mutualistic interaction is the cleaning service r...
Copy number variations, and particularly duplications of genomic regions, have been strongly associated with various neurodegenerative conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These genetic variati...
Over evolutionary timescales, genomic loci can switch between functional and non-functional states through processes such as pseudogenization and de novo gene birth. Particularly, de novo gene birth is a wides...
Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually examined in test apparatuses outside of their home cages at selected time points. However, the outcome of such tests can be inf...
The concept of the inheritance of acquired traits, a foundational principle of Lamarck’s evolutionary theory, has garnered renewed attention in recent years. Evidence for this phenomenon remained limited for d...
SHANKs are major scaffolding proteins at postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the central nervous system. Mutations in all three family members have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism...
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a pool of short DNA fragments mainly released from apoptotic hematopoietic cells. Nevertheless, the precise physiological process governing the DNA fragmentation and molecu...
Diets high in saturated fat and sugar, termed “Western diets,” have been associated with several negative health outcomes, including increased risk for neurodegenerative disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is th...
The increase in DNA copy number in Down syndrome (DS; caused by trisomy 21) has led to the DNA dosage hypothesis, which posits that the level of gene expression is proportional to the gene’s DNA copy number. Y...
Xenopus has served as a valuable model system for biomedical research over the past decades. Notably, ADAR was first detected in frog oocytes and embryos as an activity that unwinds RNA duplexes. However, the sco...
Nme2ABE8e has been constructed and characterized as a compact, accurate adenine base editor with a less restrictive dinucleotide protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM: N4CC) but low editing efficiency at challenging...
Shifts in dynamic equilibria of the abundance of cellular molecules in plant-pathogen interactions need further exploration. We induced PTI in optimally growing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for 16 h, returning ...
Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cultured brains that mimic the function and structure of the human brain. One of the major challenges for cerebral organoids is the lack of functional vasculat...
Open-top light-sheet microscopy (OT-LSM) is a specialized microscopic technique for the high-throughput cellular imaging of optically cleared, large-sized specimens, such as the brain. Despite the development ...
Leptosphaeria maculans “brassicae” (Lmb) and Leptosphaeria biglobosa “brassicae” (Lbb) make up a species complex involved in the stem canker (blackleg) disease of rapeseed (Brassica napus). They coinfect rapeseed...
The exon junction complex (EJC) is involved in most steps of the mRNA life cycle, ranging from splicing to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). It is assembled by the splicing machinery onto mRNA in a sequence-...
Sterile-fertile heteroblasty is a common phenomenon observed in ferns, where the leaf shape of a fern sporophyll, responsible for sporangium production, differs from that of a regular trophophyll. However, due...
Accumulating evidence supports that the Western diet (WD), a diet high in saturated fat and sugary drinks, contributes to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, which are the most prevalent mental disorders wo...
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