English term | Latin terma | Brief anatomical description | Figure(s) |
---|---|---|---|
bronchial half-ring (B1, B2, B3) | cartilago bronchosyringealis (App. Resp. 42) | Paired, ossified, irregularly-shaped cartilage. Located at the rostral end of the primary bronchus. Modified bronchial cartilage. | 2, Additional file 1, 4 |
bronchial half-ring (B4, B5...) | cartilago bronchialis (App. Resp. 52) | Paired, ossified, C-shaped cartilage. Forms the lateral, ventral and dorsal walls of the primary bronchus. | 2, Additional file 1, 4 |
clavicular air sac (CAS) | saccus clavicularis (App. Resp. 81) | Unpaired, air-filled sac surrounding the syrinx. Located in-between the clavicles. | 12 |
clavicular air sac membrane (CASM) | membrana sacci clavicularii (present study) | Membrane surrounding clavicular air sac and interbronchial foramen. Provides attachment for various muscles. | 8, 9, 12 |
deep dorsal syringeal muscle (DDS) | musculus syringealis dorsalis profundus (present study) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tympanum and to bronchial half-ring B2. | Additional file 2, 8 |
deep ventral tracheobronchial muscle (DVTB) | musculus tracheobronchialis ventralis profundus (present study) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tympanum and to bronchial half-ring B3. | Additional file 2, 8 |
dorsal syringeal muscle | musculus syringealis dorsalis (App. Resp. 51) | This muscle is divided into three parts: the medial dorsal syringeal muscle, the lateral dorsal syringeal muscle and the deep dorsal syringeal muscle. | Additional file 2, 8 |
dorsal tracheobronchial muscle (DTB) | musculus tracheobronchialis dorsalis (App. Resp. 51) | Paired muscle. Attaches to clavicular air sac membrane and to bronchial half-ring B2. | Additional file 2, 8 |
interbronchial foramen (IBF) | foramen interbronchiale (App. Resp. 46) | Unpaired, air-filled sac. Located between the bifurcation of the trachea and the interbronchial ligament. A diverticulum of the clavicular air sac. | 6, 9 |
interbronchial ligament (IBL) | ligamentum interbronchiale (App. Resp. 46) | Unpaired connective tissue element. Located caudal to the bifurcation of the trachea as well as the interbronchial foramen. Connects left and right primary bronchus. | 7 - 9 |
lateral dorsal cartilage (LDC) | cartilago dorsalis lateralis (present study) | Paired cartilaginous pad. Embedded dorsally within the medial tympaniform membrane. | 7, Additional file 2 |
lateral dorsal syringeal muscle (LDS) | musculus syringealis dorsalis lateralis (present study) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tracheal rings T3 and T4 as well as to bronchial half-ring B1. | Additional file 2, 8 |
lateral labium (LL) | labium laterale (App. Resp. 49) | Paired connective tissue element. Projects from the medial part of bronchial half-ring B3 into the airway of the syrinx. | 7, Additional file 2 |
lateral ventral cartilage (LVC) | cartilago ventralis lateralis (present study) | Paired cartilaginous pad. Ventrally continuous with bronchial half-ring B3. Provides attachment for the superficial ventral tracheobronchial muscle. | 7, Additional file 2 |
medial dorsal cartilage (MDC) | cartilago dorsalis medialis (present study) | Paired cartilaginous pad. Embedded dorsally within the medial tympaniform membrane. Provides attachment for the medial dorsal syringeal muscle. | 7, Additional file 2 |
medial dorsal syringeal muscle (MDS) | musculus syringealis dorsalis medialis (present study) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tracheal rings T3 and T4 as well as to the medial dorsal cartilage. | Additional file 2, 8 |
medial labium (ML) | labium mediale (App. Resp. 49) | Paired connective tissue element. Projects from the lateral wall of the pessulus into the airway of the syrinx. Forms a tissue continuum with the medial tympaniform membrane. | 7, Additional file 2 |
medial tympaniform membrane (MTM) | membrana tympaniformis medialis (App. Resp. 48) | Paired connective tissue element. Suspended between the free ends of bronchial half-rings B1, B2 and B3. Forms a tissue continuum with the medial labium. | 7 |
medial ventral cartilage (MVC) | cartilago ventralis medialis (present study) | Paired cartilaginous pad. Ventrally continuous with bronchial half-ring B2. Embedded ventrally within the medial tympaniform membrane. Provides attachment for the ventral syringeal muscle. | 7, Additional file 2, 10 |
medial vibratory mass (MVM) | corpus vibratorius medialis (present study) | Paired tissue continuum consisting of medial labium and medial tympaniform membrane. | 7 |
pessulus (PES) | pessulus (App. Resp. 43) | Unpaired, ossified cartilage. Located at the caudal end of the tympanum. Derived from the fusion of two bronchial half-rings. | 2, 3 |
primary bronchus (PBR) | bronchus primarius (App. Resp. 52) | Paired tube composed of soft and hard tissue. Connects the trachea with the secondary bronchus that is located within the lungs. | 6 |
short tracheobronchial muscle (STB) | musculus tracheobronchialis brevis (App. Resp. 51) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tympanum and to bronchial half-ring B2. | Additional file 2, 8 |
sternotracheal muscle (ST) | musculus sternotrachealis (App. Resp. 50) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tracheal ring T1 and to a protrusion of the sternum close to the coracoid. | Additional file 2, 8 |
superficial ventral tracheobronchial muscle (SVTB) | musculus tracheobronchialis ventralis superficialis (present study) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tracheal rings T4 and T5 as well as to bronchial half-ring B3. | Additional file 2, 8 |
trachea (TRA) | trachea (App. Resp. 36) | Unpaired tube composed of numerous tracheal rings connecting the larynx to the lungs. | 1, 2, 6, 10 |
tracheal ring (T1, T2...) | cartilago trachealis (App. Resp. 36) | Unpaired, ossified cartilage. The trachea is composed of numerous tracheal rings. | 2, 3 |
tracheolateral muscle (TL) | musculus tracheolateralis (App. Resp. 50) | Paired muscle. Forms an extended band along the trachea. Attaches caudally to the syrinx and rostrally to the larynx. | 9 |
tympanum (TYM) | tympanum (App. Resp. 39) | Unpaired, ossified cylinder. Located at the caudal end of the trachea. Formed by the close apposition or fusion of four to six tracheal rings and one paired bronchial half-ring. | 2, 3 |
ventral syringeal muscle (VS) | musculus syringealis ventralis (App. Resp. 51) | Paired muscle. Attaches to tympanum and to the medial ventral cartilage. | Additional file 2, 8 |
ventral tracheobronchial muscle (not used here) | musculus tracheobronchialis ventralis (App. Resp. 51) | This muscle is divided into two parts: the superficial ventral tracheobronchial muscle and the deep ventral tracheobronchial muscle. | - |