Table 3 Cranial landmark descriptions and assignment to skull regions for disparity analyses a
From: Statistical support for the hypothesis of developmental constraint in marsupial skull evolution
Landmark numberb | Landmark description | Skull region |
|---|---|---|
1c,d | Midline point between the premaxillae and the upper central incisors | Oral |
2c,d | Midline anterior-most point of the nasal-nasal suture | Viscerocranium (non-oral) |
3d | Midline posterior point of the nasals in contact with frontals | Viscerocranium (non-oral) |
4d | Midline posterior point of the frontals in contact with parietals | Neurocranium |
5c,d | Midpoint at posterior-most extent of vault | Neurocranium |
6 and 7c,d | Anterior nasal-premaxilla/maxilla (nasal opening), left and right | Viscerocranium (both oral and non-oral) |
8 and 9c | Premaxilla-maxilla suture on the alveolar lateral margin, left and right | Oral |
10 and 11 | Nasal-frontal-maxilla/premaxilla suture junction, left and right | Viscerocranium (both oral and non-oral) |
12 and 13 | Medial-most maxilla-lacrimal contact, left and right | Viscerocranium (both oral and non-oral) |
14 and 15 | Lateral most maxilla-lacrimal contact, left and right | Viscerocranium (both oral and non-oral) |
16 and 17c | Jugal-squamosal (dorsal zygomatic arch), left and right | Viscerocranium (non-oral) |
18 and 19c | Jugal-squamosal (ventral zygomatic arch), left and right | Viscerocranium (non-oral) |
20 and 21c,d | Dorsal most occipital condyle-foramen magnum margin, left and right | Neurocranium |
22 and 23cc | Ventral-most extent of frontal-parietal suture, left and right | Neurocranium |
24c | Midline posterior point of the palatine-palatine suture | Oral |
25 and 26c,d | Ventral-most point of the jugal-maxilla suture | Viscerocranium (non-oral) |
27 and 28d | Posterior-most maxilla-palatine junction on ventral surface, left and right | Oral |
29 and 30c | Posterior lateral extent of molar row | Oral |
31 and 32c | Anterior lateral extent of molar row | Oral |