Gene-environment and protein-degradation signatures characterize genomic and phenotypic diversity in wild Caenorhabditis elegans populations

Table 2 Analysis of phenotypic variation between strains (ANOVA) and between sites

Phenotype	Populations per genotype. N^a	Mean (SD)	ANOVA (strain)	Mean (SD)		t-test
Phenotype	Populations per genotype. N^a	Mean (SD)	ANOVA (strain)	Orsay	Santeuil
Population size
Escherichia coli	6	3.136 ± 695	0.3602	3278 ± 670	2988 ± 707	0.19
DSM	6	3.385 ± 750	4.83 × 10^-4^b	3369 ± 702	3402 ± 815	0.89
BT247	6	44 ± 39	<2.2 × 10^-16^b	53 ± 49	34 ± 21	0.12^c
Development time, days	2 to 5	1.79 ± 0.07	4.16 × 10^-4^b	1.79 ± 0.07	1.79 ± 0.07	0.74
Generation time, days	2 to 5	1.98 ± 0.08	3.13 × 10^-6^b	1.98 ± 0.077	1.97 ± 0.77	0.019^b
Embryogenesis, hours	2 to 5	4.60± 0.87	NA	4.35 ± 0.70	4.85 ± 0.97	0.031^b
Length, μm	2 to 6	1.089 ± 58	4.83 × 10^-5^b	1107 ± 33	1070 ± 72	0.023^b
Width, μm	2 to 6	43.96 ± 2.63	1.33 × 10^-9^b	44.45 ± 1.99	43.46 ± 3.13	0.35
Volume, nl	2 to 6	1.67 ± 0.24	1.12 × 10^-6^b	1.73 ± 0.19	1.61 ± 0.28	0.99
Length/width ratio	2 to 6	24.79 ± 0.82	1.19 × 10^-6^b	24.94 ± 0.79	24.64 ± 0.83	1.40 × 10^-5^b

Abbreviations: BT247 nematocidal Bacillus thuringiensis NRRL B-18247, DSM non-nematocidal Bacillus thuringiensis DSM-350, NA not applicable.
^aDescribes the number of replicate populations of worms (each population more than 100 worms) which were tested per genotype, thus the number of such replicate populations (N) per isolation site is therefore 20 times higher than the replicate populations per genotype (as we have 20 genotypes per isolation site).
^bSignificant.
^cWhen all observations per genotype were used instead of the mean per genotype, the populations from the different isolations sites were significantly different (P<0.0014).