Figure 1

Animal portrait (a) and experimental setup (b) for the behavioral experiments on breathing-sound classification and absolute thresholds in the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. For the breathing-sound classification, animals were trained to associate each of three breathing sounds, presented from a speaker above the starting area, with one of the three feeders. For the absolute-threshold measurements, stimuli were presented from one of three speakers mounted above the feeders.