Figure 4

Aggression behaviour between European Lasius neglectus populations. (a) Population pairs, in which aggression did not occur in any of the replicates, are connected with a black solid line. When aggression occurred in less than 50% of the replicates, population pairs are connected with a solid grey line, and when aggression occurred in more than 50% they are connected with a dotted grey line. Unconnected population pairs were aggressive in all replicates. For comparison, the genetic clusters of Figure 2 are shown in colours. (b) Multidimensional scaling plot representing the behavioural distance between the 14 populations. The plot is based on the proportion of aggressive interactions between population pairs.