Skip to main content

Table 1 Oral vaccines associated with diminished immunogenicity or efficacy in developing country populations

From: Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine

Oral vaccine

Target ages at which diminished immunogenicity or protection was observed

Geographic locations where observed

References

Sabin polio vaccine strains

Infants, toddlers, preschool children, school-age children

India, sub-Saharan Africa

[25–33]

RIT 4237 rotavirus

Infants

Gambia

[36]

Rotashield rotavirus vaccine (104 plaque forming unit dosage)

Infants

Brazil and Peru

[37, 125]

Rotarix attenuated rotavirus

Infants

Malawi, South Africa, Bangladesh

[38]

Rotateq pentavalent attenuated rotavirus

Infants

Ghana, Kenya, Mali

[39]

MMU18006 (monovalent Rhesus rotavirus strain)

Infants

Pakistan

[40]

CVD 103-HgR live cholera strain

24-59 months; 5-9 years; adults

Indonesia, Thailand, Peru, Ecuador

[41–43, 64]

Dukoral non-living cholera vaccine (killed V. cholerae O1 plus B subunit)

1-12 years

Nicaragua

[45]

SC602 attenuated Shigella flexneri strain

Toddlers and school age children

Bangladesh

[46, 47]