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Table 1 Taxonomic distribution of gene duplications, focusing on eight developmental pathwaysa

From: 2R and remodeling of vertebrate signal transduction engine

Taxon

GPCRs

Hedgehog

JAK/STAT pathway

NHRs

NOTCH

RTKs

TGF-β

WNT

Sum for eight pathways

All genes

Kingdom and related

          

   Metazoa

31

2

-

-

4

5

10

5

57

182

Bilateria

503

31

12

16

54

187

59

86

948

3,313

Phyla and subphyla

 

   Chordata

129

3

5

1

9

34

10

25

216

1,171

Vertebrata

1,327

34

76

38

56

299

66

145

2,041

7,701

Superclass, class, subclass

 

   Tetrapoda

85

-

4

1

2

6

1

1

100

500

   Amniota

74

-

1

1

1

5

1

1

84

367

   Mammalia

164

-

2

3

-

3

1

4

177

725

   Theria

272

-

1

1

1

-

-

2

277

764

   Eutheria

261

-

5

7

1

5

2

4

285

1,933

Superorder, order, infraorder

          

   Catarrhini

69

-

-

-

1

4

1

2

77

1,478

   Clupeocephala

102

1

-

-

9

21

2

12

147

3,268

   Laurasiatheria

23

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

23

111

   Smegmamorpha

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

91

Family, subfamily, genus

          

   Ciona

21

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

23

1,242

   Hominidae

62

-

-

-

-

3

1

1

67

628

   Murinae

356

-

6

5

-

3

1

-

371

1,184

   Percomorpha

15

-

-

-

-

2

-

1

18

1,479

   Tetraodontidae

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

471

Species

          

   Bos taurus

15

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

17

2,472

   Canis familiaris

222

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

222

1,122

   Ciona intestinalis

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

2,041

   Ciona savignyi

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

736

   Danio rerio

96

3

-

-

3

5

-

2

109

4,076

   Fugu rubripes

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

1425

   Gallus gallus

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8

1,075

   Gasterosteus aculeatus

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,298

   Homo sapiens

31

-

1

-

-

3

1

1

37

1,010

   Macaca mulatta

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

1,504

   Monodelphis domestica

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

2,363

   Mus musculus

214

-

-

-

3

3

-

1

221

2,125

   Ornithorhynchus anatinus

182

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

184

1,031

   Oryzias latipes

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

1,097

   Pan troglodytes

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

231

   Rattus norvegicus

263

-

1

3

-

-

-

2

269

3,112

   Tetraodon nigroviridis

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,749

   Xenopus tropicalis

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,617

  1. aPhylogenetic timing associates Vertebrata and Bilateria with the highest numbers of duplications (in bold). Total associated with a given taxon is given in the last column and underlined. Table rows are sorted according to taxonomic ranks (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species). Duplication numbers for all components of the eight selected pathways are given. GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs); RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.