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Table 1 Age- and rank-related changes in the acoustic parameters of groans.

From: Quality prevails over identity in the sexually selected vocalisations of an ageing mammal

 

Age

Rank

Acoustic variable

Relationship

df

F

P

R 2

Relationship

df

F

P

R 2

F0 max

linear

1,16

6.85

0.02

0.13

log

1,12

6.15

0.03

0.15

F0 mean

linear

1,16

10.90

0.005

0.23

log

1,12

3.15

0.10

0.23

F0 min

linear

1,16

42.78

< 0.0001

0.30

log

1,12

0.69

0.42

0.27

Jitter

linear

1,16

0.01

0.94

0.06

log

1,12

2.44

0.14

0.07

Duration

linear

1,16

0.54

0.47

0.21

log

1,12

0.04

0.85

0.23

Pulses

linear

1,16

2.30

0.15

0.18

log

1,12

0.82

0.38

0.18

Frmax

linear

1,16

2.34

0.15

0.12

log

1,12

2.02

0.18

0.17

F1min

linear

1,16

0.07

0.79

0.16

quadratic

1.11

1.14

0.31

0.13

F2min

linear

1,16

2.35

0.15

0.15

quadratic

1.11

0.21

0.65

0.16

F3min

linear

1,16

1.54

0.23

0.09

quadratic

1.11

1.27

0.28

0.06

F4 min

quadratic

1,15

5.82

0.03

0.26

quadratic

1.11

3.27

0.10

0.25

F5 min

quadratic

1,15

1.85

0.19

0.23

quadratic

1.11

4.10

0.07

0.23

F6 min

quadratic

1,15

15.40

0.001

0.38

linear

1,12

4.55

0.05

0.26

Df min

quadratic

1,15

8.09

0.01

0.37

linear

1,12

3.16

0.10

0.30

  1. Bold types indicate significant and marginally significant results.
  2. Results of generalized linear mixed models to investigate variation in the measured acoustic variables, in relation to male age and dominance rank. Both age and dominance rank influence the F0 contour and the minimum frequencies of highest formants.