Inland post-glacial dispersal in East Asia revealed by mitochondrial haplogroup M9a'b

Table 1 Estimated coalescence ages of mtDNA haplogroup M9a'b and its sub-haplogroups based on different calibration rates.

		Entire mitochondrial genome				Only synonymous mutations					Transitions in 16090 to 16365
Node/Clade	N^a	ρ	σ	T^b(ky)	ΔT^b(ky)	ρ	σ	T^c(ky)	ΔT^c(ky)	N^a	ρ	σ	T^d(ky)	ΔT^d(ky)
M9a'b	120	10.83	2.01	28.0	5.2	3.28	1.14	26.2	9.1
M9a	118	8.86	1.48	22.9	3.8	2.23	0.59	17.8	4.7
M9a* (w/o M9a1)	15	7.40	1.11	19.1	2.9	2.73	0.52	21.8	4.2	50	1.20	0.46	22.6	8.7
M9a5	5	4.40	1.26	11.4	3.3	1.40	0.53	11.2	4.2
M9a4	7	5.57	1.32	14.4	3.4	1.71	0.49	13.7	4.0
M9a1	103	8.07	1.36	20.9	3.5	2.16	0.67	17.2	5.3
M9a1b	35	5.03	1.35	13.0	3.5	1.37	0.37	11.0	3.0
M9a1b* (w/o M9a1b1)	8	3.13	1.04	8.1	2.7	0.88	0.38	7.0	3.0	41	0.51	0.16	9.7	3.0
M9a1b1	27	3.59	0.68	9.3	1.8	1.52	0.47	12.1	3.8	274	0.55	0.23	10.5	4.3
M9a1a	67	7.19	1.43	18.6	3.7	2.60	1.01	20.8	8.1
M9a1a2	8	3.13	1.17	8.1	3.0	0.63	0.33	5.0	2.6	65^e	0.60	0.19	11.3	3.5
M9a1a1	56	6.59	1.37	17.0	3.5	1.77	0.66	14.1	5.3
M9a1a1* (w/o M9a1a1c)	21	4.00	1.01	10.3	2.6	1.43	0.32	11.4	2.6	48	0.77	0.30	14.5	5.7
M9a1a1c	35	6.14	1.55	15.9	4.0	0.97	0.28	7.8	2.2
M9a1a1c1	34	5.21	1.25	13.5	3.2	0.94	0.28	7.5	2.3
M9a1a1c1* (w/o M9a1a1c1b)	9	3.33	1.03	8.6	2.7	1.67	0.94	13.3	7.5	67	0.39	0.14	7.3	2.6
M9a1a1c1b	25	3.88	1.32	10.0	3.4	0.68	0.18	5.4	1.5
M9a1a1c1b (@16291)	24	2.88	0.94	7.4	2.4	0.58	0.18	4.7	1.4	170	0.32	0.08	6.1	1.5
M9a1a1c1b (@16291-711)	21	1.90	0.35	4.9	0.9	0.48	0.16	3.8	1.3

^a Number of mtDNA sequences.
^b Using the corrected molecular clock proposed by Soares et al. [60].
^c According to the recalibrated synonymous rate of Loogväli et al. [61]. The rate of Soares et al. [60] (7,884 years/synonymous substitution) was similar to Loogväli et al. [61] (7990 years/synonymous substantiation), and age estimates based on this rate were not listed in the Table.
^d Using the corrected molecular clock proposed by Soares et al. [60].
^e The numbers of mtDNAs refer the sequences allocated into M9a1a2 with additional back-mutation 16362.

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