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Figure 2 | BMC Biology

Figure 2

From: Distinct genetic architecture underlies the emergence of sleep loss and prey-seeking behavior in the Mexican cavefish

Figure 2

Independent evolution of foraging behavior and sleep-related traits in adult A. mexicanus. (A) Geographic location of caves in the Sierra del El Abra region of Northeast Mexico. Gray shadings indicate limestone mountain ranges, and blue lines indicate primary river systems. (B) The Pachón (Pa), Los Sabinos (LS) populations of cavefish display greater vibration attraction behavior (VAB) than surface fish (Sf), Tinaja (Ti) and Molino (Mo) populations. (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 = 43.1, df = 4, P <0.001; post hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment comparing surface fish with: Pachón, P <0.001; Los Sabinos, P <0.01; Tinaja, P >0.05). N = 19, 19, 20, 20 and 10 for surface fish, and Pachón, Los Sabinos, Tinaja and Molino cavefish, respectively. (C) Locomotor activity over the 24 hour test period was significantly greater in Pachón, Los Sabinos, and Molino compared to surface fish. Activity was not enhanced in the Tinaja population (non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2 = 28.9, df = 4, P <0.001; post hoc test with Bonferroni correction comparing surface fish with: Pachón, P <0.001; Los Sabinos, P <0.001; and Molino, P <0.01). N = 23, 23, 19, 19 and 11 for surface fish, Pachón, Los Sabinos, Tinaja and Molino cavefish, respectively. (D) Sleep duration in 24 hours was significantly reduced in Pachón and Molino populations compared to surface fish (one-way ANOVA, F4,90 = 7.9, P <0.001; post-hoc Dunnett t test was applied between surface fish and each cavefish population). No difference was observed in the Los Sabinos and Tinaja populations. (E) Waking activity (cm/second) did not differ between any of the four cavefish populations and surface fish. (Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2 = 5.1, df = 4, P = 0.277). *** denotes P <0.001, ** denotes P <0.01.

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