Fig. 9From: Drosophila innate immunity: regional and functional specialization of prophenoloxidasesModel of phenoloxidase activation after injury and wasp infestation. Both PPO1 and 2 are synthetized by crystal cells. In the unchallenged condition, PPO2 is stored in the crystal cells while the localization of PPO1 is still unknown (here shown in the hemolymph) (middle). After a clean or septic injury, PPO1 and PPO2 are the only source of hemolymphatic PO activity (left). After parasitic infestation, PPO3 is produced by lamellocytes and contributes with PPO2 to the melanization around the wasp egg during encapsulation (right). UC unchallengedBack to article page