Fig. 3

Dietary nitrate enhances fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle via enhanced PPARα and PPARβ/δ activity. (a) Levels of cAMP and cGMP in soleus extracts from rats supplemented with control (0 mM), low (0.35 mM), medium (0.7 mM) and high (1.4 mM) doses of dietary nitrate; (b) PPARα and PPARβ/δ expression in soleus tissue; (c) PPARα and PPARβ/δ DNA-binding in nuclear extracts of soleus; (d) Respiration rates and respiratory control ratio with palmitoyl-carnitine and malate substrates in permeabilized soleus muscle fibres from wild-type and PPARα^−/− mice; (e) PPARα and PPARβ/δ DNA-binding in nuclear extracts of soleus from wild-type mice and PPARα^−/− mice. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 3–8 per experimental group. * P ≤0.05; ** P ≤0.01; *** P ≤0.001