Fig. 5

Summary of the most important genetic changes in the cave-restricted Sa. The main results are outlined as follows: Lws2, Rh2-1, Rh2-2 and Rh2-4 are lost in Sa. Several crystallin genes, including Crygmx in the Sr and Cryball1, Crygm2d2, Crygm7 and Crygmx in Sa, have evolved into pseudogenes. Sa has two Hsp90α genes while Sg and Sr have only one; meanwhile, the expression of Hsp90α in Sa eyes is higher than that in Sg and Sr. Mpv17 has a deletion in the signal region in the Sa genome. Ush2a has two amino acid changes, i.e. R334S and V382A. Tyr has a nucleotide mutation (G420R) in one copy of the Sa genome. Two copies of Edar gene in Sa represent deletions, and Lamb3 and Col7a were lost. Two copies of Skp1 protein in Sa have deletions in the N-terminal end. Prox1 and Tast1r2-1 are under expansions in the three Sinocyclocheilus species genomes, and Tas1r1 and Tas2r200-2 are specifically duplicated in the Sa genome. Red, gene loss; green, gene expansion; purple, pseudogene; orange, mutation or deletion