Fig. 1

Ino80 is essential for embryonic fibroblast and early embryonic development. a Growth curve of conditional Ino80 KO MEF induced by doxycycline treatment. 1.0 × 10⁴ cells of control (Ino80 F/F) or Ino80 KO (Ino80 F/F, TetO-Cre) were seeded into media containing 10 μg/ml doxycycline. Numbers of trypan blue negative cells were counted every two days over a 12-day period (N = 3 independent measurements per group, representative of three biological replicates; * = t test p ≤ 0.05). b Day-12 control and Ino80 KO cells from panel a were stained for endogenous β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0 to measure cellular senescence [19]. Black arrows designate β-galactosidase positive cells. c Quantification of percentage β-galactosidase positive cells for day-12 control and Ino80 KO cells from panel (b) (N = 5 independent measurements per group, representative of three biological replicates; * = t test: p ≤ 0.05). d Whole mount analysis of E5.5-, E6.5-, and E7.5-day wild-type (+/+) and homozygous Ino80 KO (Ino80 KO/Ino80 KO) embryos harvested from +/Ino80 KO intercross breeding. e Length of E5.5- and E6.5-day wild-type and Ino80 KO embryos were measured in whole mount using a calibrated microscope (N > 7 embryos per group; * = t test p ≤ 0.05). KO knockout, MEF mouse embryonic fibroblasts, E embryonic day