Fig. 4

Lipofibroblast hyperplasia in Alk5 ^Dermo1 lungs. (a–d) Oil Red O-stained cells are increased in E18.5 Alk5 ^Dermo1 lungs. Dotted lines indicate basement membrane between epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme. (e) Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) showed mRNA for LIF markers increased in E18.5 Alk5 ^Dermo1 lungs. n = 3 pairs of independent lungs, Error bars show standard deviation, *P <0.05. (f) Western blot analysis confirmed increased LIF markers, n = 6 pairs of lungs. Western blot analysis also showed decreased p-AKT and p-ERK, and increased PTEN. β-ACTIN was used as control. n = 3 pairs of lungs. (g) Q-PCR showed increased Zfp423 and Wisp2 mRNA in Alk5 ^Dermo1 lungs compared to controls. n = 5–6 pairs of independent lungs. Error bars show standard error of the mean. *P <0.05. Scale bar: d = 10 μm