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Fig. 1 | BMC Biology

Fig. 1

From: Past climate changes, population dynamics and the origin of Bison in Europe

Fig. 1

Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ancient Bison hypervariable region. Maximum likelihood analyses of the hypervariable region produced in this study using PHYML, a HKY + I + G substitution model and 500 bootstraps. The bootstrap support of the nodes is indicated in red. The geolocalization of the analyzed samples is represented using a color code to distinguish five origins and time periods as represented on the Eurasiatic continent map (see Additional file 6: Figure S4 for a map of the distribution of the Western European sites). Three clades can be clearly distinguished, the Bison priscus (Bp) clade and two Bison bonasus clades (Bb1 and Bb2). The scale corresponds to the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The samples that have allowed amplification of all four PCR fragments as represented in Additional file 2: Figure S1 are indicated by the suffix _C whereas those for which one or more fragments were missing are indicated by the suffix _NC. The stars indicate the samples that were used for the full mitogenome analysis presented in Fig. 3

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