Fig. 5From: Establishment of high reciprocal connectivity between clonal cortical neurons is regulated by the Dnmt3b DNA methyltransferase and clustered protocadherinsEffect of cPcdh deficiency on the morphology and synaptic connectivity of clonal neurons. a Barrel structure visualized by cytochrome oxidase reaction (CO) in a chimeric mouse prepared using cPcdh-knockout (KO) induced pluripotent cells. Scale bar: 200 μm. b, c Distribution (b) and proportion (c) of tdTomato-labeled cPcdh-KO cells in the analyzed area in each column. Number of columns is 7, 14, and 10 for P9–11, P13–16, and P18–20, respectively. P = 0.35 (Kruskal–Wallis test). Scale bar: 100 μm. d A cPcdh-deficient spiny stellate neuron (yellow, upper) and trace of its soma and dendrites (lower). Scale bar: 50 μm. e–g Total dendritic length (e), number of dendritic branches (f), and Sholl analyses (mean ± SEM, g) of cPcdh-KO (n = 9 cells sampled from 4 mice; orange) and wild-type (WT; gray, the same as shown in Fig. 2) spiny stellate cells at P18–20. A bar indicates the mean (e, f). No significant differences in morphological parameters between cPcdh-deficient cells and wild-type cells were observed; P = 0.37 (e), P = 0.60 (f), and P > 0.07 (g) (t test). h–k Dual whole-cell recordings from cPcdh-KO GFP-positive excitatory neurons (P-P) pairs. h Representative average (n = 20) traces of presynaptic spikes (pre) and resultant excitatory postsynaptic currents (post) between cPcdh-KO P-P pairs with one-way (upper) or reciprocal (lower) connections. i Percentage of cPcdh-KO P-P pairs with each connection type. Number of recorded pairs is indicated on each bar. Number of mice: P9–11(n = 5), P13–16 (n = 11), P18–20 (n = 9). Developmental changes in connection probability (j) and reciprocity (k) in cPcdh-KO P-P (orange) and wild-type P-P (green) or or GFP-positive and -negative neuron (P-N; gray) cell pairs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with wild-type clonal cell pairs (Fisher’s exact test)Back to article page