Fig. 3

The identification of genes putatively underlying the betalain stem color locus in amaranth. a Color difference between the mapping parents for the RIL populations. b Frequency of the red parental (PI 642741) allele in Chr16 in all homozygous red progeny. The two blue dots indicate SNP markers flanking the map position of the stem color phenotype. c The betalain biosynthetic pathway, including the key enzymes encoded by DODA1 and CYP76AD1