Fig. 5

Centromere discovery using single molecule PacBio and BioNano data. a Graph of repeat units identified within raw PacBio data using Tandem Repeats Finder (see Methods). Each dot represents a repeat unit within a raw PacBio read and is graphed according to monomer length and overall (tandem) repeat length. A distinct distribution surrounding a 53 bp monomer was observed (including tandem repeats divisible by 53 bp). b The 53 bp monomer (Mm53) was identified, using FISH, to localize to nearly all centromeres in the mouse lemur karyotype, with the exception being the X chromosome (see Results and Fig. 6). c We mined our genome assembly for the Mm53 monomer associated with M. murinus centromeres. The Mm53 repeat was detected near the ends of scaffolds and/or gaps of Ns (representative in silico physical map shown in green). When aligned to consensus BioNano (BNG) physical map (blue), a distinct repeat unit was identified, indicating the presence of a BNG label within mouse lemur centromeres, thus providing a measure of higher-order repeat unit (~3.9 kb) and overall alpha-satellite array size within our BNG physical maps