Fig. 7
Spatial training selectively increases Smad3 phosphorylation and its association with Smad4. a Animals were subjected to spatial training for 1 day or served as swimming controls. They were sacrificed at the end of training and their CA1 tissue was subjected to western blot analysis of various Smad, pSmad, CREB, and pCREB expression levels. Representative gel patterns are shown. b Quantified results. n = 4 for each group, t(1,6) = 21.26, # P < 0.001 for pSmad1/Smad1; t(1,6) = 16.29, # P < 0.001 for pSmad2/Smad2; t(1,6) = 28.76, # P < 0.001 for pSmad3/Smad3; t(1,6) = 10.24, # P < 0.001 for pSmad5/Smad5; t(1,6) = 7.41, # P < 0.001 for pCREB/CREB. Raw data and statistics are provided as Additional file 9. c Co-IP experiment showing the relationship between pSmad3 and Smad4 in trained (1 day) and swimming control animals. Experiments are in four repeats and the quantified results are shown. n = 4 each group, t(1,6) = 8.96, # P < 0.001 for Smad4/pSmad3 and t(1,6) = 47.37, # P < 0.001 for pSmad3/actin. Raw data and statistics are provided as Additional file 9. Data are expressed as means ± SEMs. IP immunoprecipitation, SEM standard error of the mean