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Fig. 5 | BMC Biology

Fig. 5

From: How structural elements evolving from bacterial to human SLC6 transporters enabled new functional properties

Fig. 5

Illustration of effects of different modes of N-terminus interactions on functional phenotypes. a Representation of two water penetration pathways from the intracellular side of hDAT. The N-terminus/IL4 water pathway is the main water penetration path in the wild type in the presence of PIP2 lipids. In the absence of PIP2, the N-terminus/IL4 water (blue) penetration pathway is impaired, and hydration of the binding site is achieved primarily through another water pathway formed between TM1a and IL3 (red). b Representation of conditions linked to the efflux function of hDAT. The interaction of the proximal N-terminus with IL4 (blue) is mediated by PIP2 lipids, and the distal part of the N-terminus engages with the C-terminus (red). All charged residues are shown for both N-terminus and C-terminus with thin licorice; charged residues engaged in interactions between N-terminus and either IL4 or the C-terminus are highlighted with thick licorice. Dopamine is shown in the S1 binding site (in pink), sodium ions are shown as yellow spheres, and the chloride ion is in cyan sphere

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