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Table 2 Parallel divergences between model tunicates and vertebrates

From: A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates

Nodes

Tunicates

Nodes

Vertebrates

Mean date ± SD (Mya)

Sequence similarity (aa)

Mean date ± SD (Mya)

Sequence similarity (aa)

Ciona/ Oikopleura

447 ± 20

64.3%

Homo/ Callorhinchus

443 ± 4

88.7%

Ciona/ Botryllus

389 ± 32

79.5%

Homo/ Latimeria

391 ± 3

90.9%

Molgula/ Botryllus

350 ± 36

80.3%

Homo/ Xenopus

349 ± 2

91.3%

Ciona/ Phallusia

285 ± 37

85.7%

Gallus/ Anolis

271 ± 6

93.6%

Botryllus/ Halocynthia

277 ± 35

88.5%

Gallus/ Anolis

271 ± 6

93.6%

Salpa/ Doliolum

238 ± 44

80.5%

Sphenodon/ Anolis

243 ± 10

93.5%

Bostrichobranchus/ Molgula

219 ± 35

86.3%

Gallus/ Crocodylus

218 ± 16

95.3%

Molgula occidentalis/ Molgula tectiformis

176 ± 32

88.1%

Phrynops/ Chrysemys

180 ± 19

98.0%

Ciona robusta/ Ciona savignyi

122 ± 33

92.5%

Xenopus/ Silurana

140 ± 14

95.2%

  1. Mya: million years ago, aa: amino acids
  2. The reported values indicate mean divergence dates and associated standard deviations obtained from a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock under the CAT-GTR + Γ4 model and the percentage of amino acid sequence identity for each couple