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Fig. 4 | BMC Biology

Fig. 4

From: The different axes of the mammalian mitochondrial unfolded protein response

Fig. 4

Mitochondrial stress responses. Various mitochondrial stresses, not directly linked to mitochondrial protein misfolding, elicit stress responses that are similar to the UPRmt retrograde signaling and involve the integrated stress response (ISR). These stresses affect important aspects of mitochondria, such as respiration, translation, and mtDNA replication and are distinct from the UPRmt transcriptional responses. Recent findings suggest a specific mitochondrial ISR that shares common factors with the ISR but driven by different signaling pathways and eliciting alternative outputs

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