Fig. 3

Functional inactivation of CPL-1 reduced fat storage through activating serotonin signaling in C. elegans. a Representative images and quantification of Oil Red O staining in N2, daf-2(e1370), rict-1(ft7), and tph-1(mg280) worms fed with control or cpl-1 RNAi bacteria. The data were obtained from 3 independent experiments, and 3000 stained worms were used in each experiment. b Real-time PCR analysis of genes related to insulin, TOR, and serotonin signaling in N2 worms fed with control or cpl-1 RNAi bacteria. act-1 was used as the reference gene in real-time PCR analysis, n = 3 independent growths. c The serotonin levels in N2 worms fed with control or cpl-1 RNAi bacteria; the data were based on 3 independent experiments. d The pharyngeal pumping rate in N2 worms fed with control or cpl-1 RNAi bacteria; the data were obtained from 3 independent experiments, and 30 worms were used in each experiment. e The two-choice olfactory preference assays to PA14 and HT115 bacteria in N2 worms fed with control or cpl-1 RNAi bacteria, n = 3 independent growths. f Real-time PCR analysis of genes involved in the serotonin pathway in N2 worms and cpl-1 mutants. act-1 was used as the reference gene in real-time PCR analysis, n = 3 independent growths. g The serotonin levels in N2 worms and cpl-1 mutants; the data were based on 3 independent experiments. h The pharyngeal pumping rate in N2 worms and cpl-1 mutants; the data were obtained from 3 independent experiments, and 30 worms were used in each experiment. i The two-choice olfactory preference assays to PA14 and OP50 bacteria in N2 worms and cpl-1 mutants, n = 3 independent growths. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. For a–e, two-tailed Student’s t test; for f–i, one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. n.s., not significant