Fig. 3

Coalescent-based inference of population size histories and genetic split time by means of the SMC++ method. Population size trajectories of N_ITA and S_ITA groups were estimated by setting 150 generations as the most recent time point for population size inference and 10 spline knots to anchor the size history and were compared to that inferred for CEU. The shaded boxes indicate Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods