Fig. 3

Elucidation of the crocin biosynthesis pathway in G. jasminoides.a UPLC-DAD chromatograms (abs at 440 nm) of E. coli extracts expressing GjCCD4a. b–d UPLC-DAD chromatograms (abs at 440 nm) of in vitro reactions catalyzed by GjALDH2C3 (b), GjUGT74F8 (c), and GjUGT94E13 (d). St, standards; EV, empty vector; lyc, lycopene; β-car, β-carotene; zea, zeaxanthin; cro, crocetin; CD, crocetin dialdehyde; CS, crocetin semialdehyde; CrI–V, crocins I–V