Fig. 10

Routes of the phylloxera invasion of Europe inferred from the analysis of genome-wide resequencing data from native and introduced populations. Most likely scenarios of phylloxera introduction into Europe identified by the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach using native populations collected on Vitis riparia (New York = NY, Illinois = IL) and introduced populations (France, Germany). a Scenarios for the introduction of France, testing a single origin (NY or IL) and admixture. b Scenarios for the secondary introduction in Germany, testing an independent introduction from IL versus a common introduction between France and Germany. Detailed legends of the diyABC trees on the right are given in Additional File 1: Table S20