Fig. 9

Population genomics comparison of phylloxera populations sampled in the native and invaded range. Insects collected on the same host plant species or cultivar and in the same geographical area (in a single site or in several geographically close sites) were pooled and considered to represent a “population” for genome resequencing. a Sampling locations and populations names. b Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot performed on mean FST obtained by pairwise comparisons of native (blue) and introduced (red) phylloxera populations based on 188,980 informative SNPs. c Genetic diversity (pi) of native (blue) and introduced (red) phylloxera populations