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Fig. 1 | BMC Biology

Fig. 1

From: Machine-learning strategies for testing patterns of morphological variation in small samples: sexual dimorphism in gray wolf (Canis lupus) crania

Fig. 1

Smoothed histograms of size estimates of male (blue) and female (red) Israeli C. lupus crania obtained from 300 equally spaced semilandmark dorso-ventral and lateral outlines. Despite expected differences in sex average and modal values, the distribution distinctions between both these distributions are insufficient to support an interpretation of sex-based cranial size differences for this sample, based on both parametric (2-sample t test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney test) results

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