Fig. 2.

The effect of engineered paternal male bias on the performance of the drive allele, based on the non-spatial (lines) and spatial (dots) models. The three drive alleles differ in somatic expression, so that heterozygous females have a fertility cost of 0 (‘no cost’), 0.7 (‘medium cost’), and 0.8 ‘high cost’ (chosen to result in three equally spaced levels of population suppression in the absence of paternal male bias, cf. Figure 1b; parental costs are not considered). For the spatial model, population suppression is computed after 8 years of releases following a release strategy as defined in Fig. 1