Fig. 4From: Excess diacylglycerol at the endoplasmic reticulum disrupts endomembrane homeostasis and autophagyUpregulating phospholipid synthesis or constraining precursor influx restores autophagy in TAG production defective cells. Autophagy was assessed by formation of GFP-Atg8 puncta (a, b), formation of Atg1 and Atg5 puncta (c, d), proteolytic processing of GFP-Atg8 (e), and pho8Δ60 assay (f–k). Induction of phospholipid production and reduction of precursor influx were achieved as in Fig. 3. a, c Representative microscopy images presented as in Fig. 1a. Cells starved for 1 h. b, d Quantification of Atg8, Atg1, and Atg5 puncta per cell in a, c. Error bar, standard deviation, n = 3. e Representative immunoblots from three independent repeats. Cells starved for 2 h. f–k pho8Δ60 enzymatic assay. Cells starved for 4 h. Error bar, standard deviation, n = 3Back to article page