| Mammalian hormones | Zebrafish hormones | Synteny | Onset time | Expression (WISH) | Cell number, mean ± SE | EEC RNA-seq (CPM) | EN RNA-seq (CPM) |
---|
Bulb | Mid-gut | Posterior gut |
---|
A | 1 | Gcg | gcga | Yes | 3.5 dpf | – | ✔ | ✔ | 33 ± 1.4 | 2058 | 57 |
gcgb | Yes | N.T* | | | | | 177 | 14 |
2 | Sst | sst1.1 | Yes | – | – | – | – | | 20 | 13 |
sst1.2 | Yes | N.T* | | | | | 88 | 1519 |
sst2 | Yes | 3 dpf | ✔ | ✔ | – | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 103 | 933 |
3 | Ghrl | ghrl | No | 3 dpf | ✔ | – | – | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 163 | 40 |
4 | Pyy | pyya | Yes | 4 dpf | ✔ | – | – | | 437 | 1 |
pyyb | Yes | 3 dpf | ✔ | ✔ | – | 41 ± 2.6 | 32,011 | 4 |
5 | Cck | ccka | Yes | 3 dpf | ✔ | – | – | 23 ± 3.0 | 6390 | 1 |
6 | Gip | gip | Yes | 4 dpf | ✔ | – | – | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 100 | 4 |
7 | Vip | vip | Yes | N.T* | | | | | 0 | 511 |
vipb | No | 4 dpf | – | – | ✔ | N.T* | 927 | 868 |
8 | Nts | nts | Yes | – | – | – | – | | 0 | 3 |
9 | Insl5 | insl5a | No | 4 dpf | – | ✔ | ✔ | 39 ± 2.2 | 5602 | 14 |
insl5b | No | N.T* | | | | | 178 | 1 |
10 | Nmb | nmba | Yes | N.T* | | | | | 45 | 116 |
nmbb | No | 3 dpf | ✔ | – | – | 14 ± 2.0 | 2150 | 0 |
11 | Galn | galn | Yes | 3.5 dpf | – | ✔ | ✔ | 26 ± 1.8 | 824 | 157 |
12 | Mln | / | / | / | / | / | / | | / | |
| | mlnl | No | 3 dpf | ✔ | / | / | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 708 | 18 |
13 | Gast | / | / | / | / | / | / | | / | |
14 | Sct | / | / | / | / | / | / | | / | |
15 | Pp | / | / | / | / | / | / | | / | |
B | 16 | Adcyap1 | adcyap1a | No | 3 dpf | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 84 ± 6.9 | 6927 | 2 |
adcyap1b | No | N.T* | | | | | 6 | 251 |
17 | Calca | calca | Yes | 4 dpf | ✔ | ✔ | – | 12 ± 0.7 | 2161 | 1 |
18 | Penk | penka | Yes | 3 dpf | ✔ | ✔ | – | 68 ± 3.6 | 12,544 | 2 |
penkb | Yes | N.T* | | | | | 2 | |
- (Upper A panel, lanes 1–15) Identification of the zebrafish orthologues for the 15 mammalian genes coding for enteroendocrine hormones by “in silico” search of the zebrafish genome. (Lower B panel, lanes 16–18) Identification of the 3 novel hormones expressed in zebrafish EECs by screening the RNA-seq data with the Gene Ontology term “hormone activity” (GO: 0005179) and selecting hormones expressed at high levels (> 2.000 CPM). Column 3 indicates the Ensembl ID of the zebrafish genes. Column 4 displays whether a synteny conservation is observed between mouse and zebrafish loci. Column 5 indicates the expression onset time determined by WISH for each hormone transcripts and their localization in the zebrafish gastrointestinal tract (column 6). Bulb corresponds to the enlarged rostral part of the intestine; the mid-gut is located posterior to the bulb and contains the majority of goblet cells at 5 dpf; the posterior gut corresponds the most caudal part of intestine containing few goblet cells [29]. Column 7 indicates the mean (± standard errors (SE)) of the EEC numbers detected by WISH at 4 dpf. The number of EEC counted for each individual larvae is provided in Fig. S2. N.T*: not tested; the number of vipb+ EEC cells could not be quantified as most of the vipb+ cells detected in the gut are vipb+ enteric neurons. Column 8 indicates the expression levels determined by RNA-seq of EEC in CPM (counts per million). Column 9 indicates the expression levels determined by RNA-seq of enteric neurons in CPM [30]. –: not detected by WISH; ✔: detected by WISH
- Gcg glucagon, Sst somatostatin, Ghrl ghrelin, Pyy peptide YY, Gast gastrin, Ckk cholecystokinin, Gip glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, Vip vasoactive intestinal peptide, Mln motilin, mlnl motilin-like, Pp pancreatic polypeptide, Nts neurotensin, Sct secretin, Insl5 insulin-like peptide 5, Nmb neuromedin B, Adcyap1 adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1, Galn galanin, Calca calcitonin