TY - JOUR AU - Kusakabe, Rie AU - Higuchi, Shinnosuke AU - Tanaka, Masako AU - Kadota, Mitsutaka AU - Nishimura, Osamu AU - Kuratani, Shigeru PY - 2020 DA - 2020/09/09 TI - Novel developmental bases for the evolution of hypobranchial muscles in vertebrates JO - BMC Biology SP - 120 VL - 18 IS - 1 AB - Vertebrates are characterized by possession of hypobranchial muscles (HBMs). Cyclostomes, or modern jawless vertebrates, possess a rudimentary and superficial HBM lateral to the pharynx, whereas the HBM in jawed vertebrates is internalized and anteroposteriorly specified. Precursor cells of the HBM, marked by expression of Lbx1, originate from somites and undergo extensive migration before becoming innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. How the complex form of HBM arose in evolution is relevant to the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, but despite having long been assumed to be similar to that of limb muscles, modification of developmental mechanisms of HBM remains enigmatic. SN - 1741-7007 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00851-y DO - 10.1186/s12915-020-00851-y ID - Kusakabe2020 ER -