Fig. 6

Funnel plots from full meta-regression models of a) survival, b) reproduction, c) immune trait expression, d) morphology and e) development times. The X-axis shows the residual values from the non-phylogenetic meta-analysis model, and the Y-axis shows the inverse of the standard error (precision). The dashed line indicates no effect (i.e. effect size of zero). Publication bias is indicated by asymmetry in the spread of the effect size residuals (e.g. less points on one side of the funnel)