Fig. 2

Deep learning approach successfully identifies beads in the PVD neuron. a Schematic of segmentation pipeline. Raw 2048 × 2048 images are fed to the trained Mask R-CNN model to perform instance segmentation. Yellow arrows point to neuronal beads. b Illustration for true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases used to quantify the performance of instance segmentation. c, d The performance of the algorithm was examined by defining precision and recall of segmentation where 12 test images were used. Error bars are standard error of mean (SEM). e Images showing the algorithm successfully distinguishes bubble-like protrusions (beads) from fat droplets