Fig. 1

Impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of NSPA-KO mice. a LTP generated by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in CA1 area shows a decreased fEPSP (quantified by slope and normalized by baseline) in NSPA-KO compared to WT mice. Graph corresponds to the last 10 min of recording (mean ± SEM; n = 9 slices; three animals per experimental group; *P < 0.05 by t-test.). b Paired pulse facilitation (PPF) of fEPSP shows no alterations in presynaptic activity in CA3-CA1 synapses of NSPA-KO mice (mean ± SEM; n = 7 slices; n.s, non-statistical differences, t-test). c Decreased LTP in MPP-DG of NSPA-KO compared with WT mice. Graph corresponds to the last 10 min of recording (mean ± SEM; n = 9 slices; three animals per experimental group; **P < 0.01 by t-test). d PPF indicates no alteration in presynaptic activity in MPP-DG synapses of NSPA-KO mice (mean ± SEM; n = 7 slices; n.s, non-statistical differences, t-test). e Immunofluorescence staining of Arc (Arc⁺) shows less neurons expressing this marker of neuronal activity in the DG of NSPA-KO mice (mean ± SEM; n = 3 mice per experimental group; *P < 0.05, t-test; Scale bar: 50 μm). Source data values are included in Additional file 2