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Fig. 2 | BMC Biology

Fig. 2

From: Fitness effects for Ace insecticide resistance mutations are determined by ambient temperature

Fig. 2

Genomic and phenotypic analysis. a Selection coefficient of the three resistance mutations (I161V, G265A, and F330Y) in the two temperature regimes determined by the comparison of haplotype class 1a to class 1b. The selection coefficient was defined as s1a − s1b. Bars show the average selection coefficient of the three resistance mutations over five replicated experimental populations; single points show the selection coefficient for individual experimental replicates. b Haplotype class trajectories in the hot regime. In each experimental population, the haplotype class frequency is determined by the median frequency of all marker SNPs. Dots show the haplotype class frequency averaged across replicated experimental populations; error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (see Additional file 1: Figure S1 for replicate-specific haplotype class trajectories). c Haplotype class trajectories in the cold regime (see Additional file 1: Figure S2 for replicate-specific haplotype class trajectories). d Average fecundity in the two temperature regimes, for haplotype classes 1a and 1b. The fitted model (log10 transformed eggs per female) is shown as black dots with 95% confidence intervals (determined by parametric bootstrapping; n = 1000). e Average viability estimated as the proportion of eclosed flies in the two temperature regimes, for haplotype classes 1a and 1b. The fitted model is shown as black dots with 95% confidence intervals (parametric bootstrapping; n = 1000). f Selection coefficients of the two haplotype classes differing only by the presence/absence of the three resistance mutations (1a, 1b) in the two temperature regimes. Selection coefficients were estimated for the haplotype class frequencies (= median frequency of all marker SNPs) in each of the five replicated experimental populations. Colored bars show the average selection coefficients, error bars show the standard error of the mean among replicated experimental populations, and single points show the selection coefficients for individual experimental replicates

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