Fig. 1
From: The CBP KIX domain regulates long-term memory and circadian activity
CBPKIX/KIX mice are impaired in long-term spatial memory but have normal short-term retention. a Experimental scheme. CBPKIX/KIX (n = 12) and WT littermates (n = 20, both males and females) were trained in MWM for 5 days. Short-term or long-term memory was assessed either 1 h or 24 h respectively after the last training day. b The acquisition curve for escape latency (time) to the platform during training indicates that CBPKIX/KIX mice and WT littermates learned the MWM task, finding the hidden platform more quickly on subsequent training days [Day effect, F(3.429, 106.3) = 20.57, p < 0.0001, Day × Genotype interaction, ns]. c The acquisition curve for distance traveled to the platform during training further supports that CBPKIX/KIX mice and WT littermates learned the MWM task, finding the hidden platform more quickly on subsequent training days [Day effect, F(3.465, 103.9) = 13.98, p < 0.0001, Genotype effect, F(1, 30) = 5.405, P = 0.0270. Day × Genotype interaction, ns]. Sidak’s multiple comparisons test: WT day 1 vs day 5: p = 0.0003, CBPKIX/KIX day 1 vs day 5: p = 0.0006. d In the 1-h probe test for short-term memory, both CBPKIX/KIX (n = 10) and WT mice (n = 6) showed significantly higher preference for the target quadrant suggesting intact short-term retention. Bar graphs are mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA revealed no interaction between “genotype” and “quadrant location” F(3, 42) = 1.286, p = 0.2917. Significant main effect of quadrant location was observed F(3, 42) = 29.07, p < 0.0001, while no effect of genotype was seen F(1, 14) = 1.000, p = 0.3343. Sidak multiple comparisons revealed no significant difference between WT and CBPKIX/KIX mice in the time spent in target quadrant. e CBPKIX/KIX and WT mice showed similar latency in the first visit to the target quadrant during 1-h probe test suggesting intact short-term memory f In the 24-h probe test, CBPKIX/KIX mice (n = 6) were impaired in long-term memory as shown by reduced exploration in the target quadrant compared to WT littermates (n = 10). 2-way ANOVA revealed significant interaction between “genotype” and “quadrant location” F(3, 42) = 4.476, p = 0.0082 and a main effect of quadrant location F(3, 42) = 6.835, p = 0.0007. Importantly, Sidak multiple comparisons revealed a significant difference in time in target platform between WT and CBPKIX/KIX mice (adjusted p = 0.0030). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Differences are significant at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, evaluated with two-way ANOVA and Sidak multiple correction. TQ, target quadrant; Q1, Q2, Q3 correspond to the three other quadrants. g CBPKIX/KIX mice showed significantly higher latency of first visit to target quadrant during 24-h probe test suggesting impaired long-term memory. Unpaired t test, p = 0.0040