Fig. 5

Opsin gene family members detected in Stomoxys calcitrans and other higher Diptera. A phylogenetic tree of dipteran opsin gene relationships is presented, as is the genomic organization and evolution of the S. calcitrans Rh1 opsin subfamily [200]. Protein sequences of S. calcitrans Rh1 genes were aligned with MUSCLE [201], and ambiguous alignment regions were filtered with Gblocks [202] using least stringent settings. Maximum likelihood tree was estimated in MEGA version 6.0 [203] applying the Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) model of amino acid sequence evolution and assuming Gamma Distributed substitution rates across sites with 3 categories. Rhabdomeric opsins depicted: Rh7, Rh7 gene; UV, UV-sensitive; B, Blue-sensitive; LW, long wavelength-sensitive expressed in BR, compound eye, and OC, ocelli