Fig. 8

Generation of power cones through allometric growth of Distance and Radius. From power function growth of both Distance and Radius (with growth rates rD and rR, respectively) through time (a, b, e, f), the shape of the structure is determined by the ratio of the growth rates (c, g). Where rD = rR, a cone is formed (d), while where rD > rR, a curved-sided power cone is generated (h). The general equations are shown on the left, while example parameters are shown in the graphs and accompanying equations. See Additional file 1: Supplementary Equations for mathematical derivation