Fig. 4

Mixed effect linear regression (MELR) indicating differences in faecal bacterial alpha diversity of volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) experimentally infected with Necator americanus (N+), or placebo-treated (PBO). a Differences in Shannon diversity 1 week prior to infection/placebo treatment (T_pre), at 1, 5, and 9 months post-infection/placebo treatment (T_treatment) and 2 months post-anthelmintic treatment (T_post) are shown for both N+ and PBO subjects who suffered clinical and/or radiological relapses over the course of the trial (N+_{non-responders}; PBO_{non-responders}) vs. subjects for which no relapses were recorded (N+_responders; PBO_responders). b Differences in faecal bacterial Shannon diversity between N+_responders and N+_{non-responders} (left panel), and PBO_responders and PBO_{non-responders} (right panel) subjects over the course of T_treatment. *P < 0.05