Fig. 8

Using our ATP reporter and kinetic model to estimate cellular power consumption. GFP signals are measured from the reporter and converted to cellular ATP concentrations using a calibration curve pre-established under similar culture conditions. Bacterial growth is also measured, and parameters and initial conditions from this growth curve are used to determine the parameters of the kinetic model. ATP dynamics and cellular power consumption can then be reliably estimated without extra ATP measurements using the luciferase assay or other methods