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Fig. 3 | BMC Biology

Fig. 3

From: Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity

Fig. 3

Microevolutionary change in PO activity during experimental evolution. PO activity measured from whole-body samples of virgin (a) and mated (b) females from polygamous (green) monogamous (orange) and male-limited (blue) evolution lines. The mating treatment significantly reduced female PO activity and male-limited and polygamous females had higher PO activity than monogamous females. Polygamous and monogamous females also differed significantly in the relationship between body mass and PO activity, suggesting that different allocation strategies evolved under the alternative mating regimes. Given are regression slopes, shaded 95% confidence limits, and individual observations. Males from the regimes did not express detectable levels of PO activity and showed no significant differences among regimes and mating treatments (Supplementary Table 1c). In the lower panels, sex differences in size-corrected PO activity is illustrated in each regime for (c) virgin and (d) reproducing beetles (means ± 1 SE and individual data points)

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