Fig. 9

Proposed ESCRT evolution in Fornicata. Progenitor ESCRT complexes are present in Asgard archaea and duplications into the specific subunits is inferred to have occurred between the First Eukaryotic Common Ancestor and the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor which possessed a full complement of the ESCRT subunits. Proposed ESCRT losses in Fornicata inferred previously only using Giardia intestinalis are transient with some losses potentially pre-dating the Last Fornicata Common Ancestor [21, 25]. The most prominent of this being loss in CHMP7 c-terminus SNF7 domain and a canonical VPS32. Examination of diplomonad lineages, specifically genomic data, increases our confidence in additional losses also occurring with progression into parasitism most notable within the ESCRTI machinery with complete loss occurring in the Giardia common ancestor likely associated with a loss in the canonical MVB morphology. Speculative losses indicated as unfilled dotted arrows whereas instances of likely true gene absence depicted as solid filled arrows