Fig. 4

Chitinase-like genes in the G. flavifemur genome. a The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of chitinase-like proteins in G. flavifemur and other 16 insect species. The tree was built using IQ-TREE and branch support was assessed by 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. Different groups of chitinase-like genes are indicated according to the descriptions in Arakane and Muthukrishnan [88]. b The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of imaginal disc growth factors (IDGFs) built by IQ-TREE. The branch support was assessed by 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. The G. flavifemur-specific clade of IDGFs was shown. Two additional venom IDGFs from two parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator and Chelonus inanitus were labeled in blue. c The expression pattern of chitinase-like genes in G. flavifemur across development and different tissues. Signal peptide (SP), VGGs (venom gland-associated genes), active site motif (DxxDxDxE), chitin biding domain (CBD) and tandem array were indicated