Fig. 1
From: Urban bat pups take after their mothers and are bolder and faster learners than rural pups
Inexperienced urban and rural pups consistently differ in their behavior. Boxplots show A risk-taking, B exploration, and C learning traits of the pups as a function of their origin: urban (blue) vs. rural (red) and their rearing (biological or fostered). D Cross-fostered pups resemble adoptive mothers in their risk-taking behavior. E Urban mothers’ milk contains higher levels of cortisol. Notice arrow pointing at the removed outlier rural mother. Box plot lower and upper box boundaries show the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, with the median inside. The lower and upper error lines depict the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. Outliers of the data are shown with red crosses