Pathologic tau conformer ensembles induce dynamic, liquid-liquid phase separation events at the nuclear envelope

Table 1 Nuclear deformation of granular neurons in the dentate gyrus of FTLD-MAPT or other neurodegenerative disorders

Clinical diagnosis	Age at death	Sex	Nuclear morphology based on lamin B1 staining				Phospho-tau
			Cleft	Cytopl	Discont	Angular
Control	31	M	0.5	0	0	0.5	0
Control	70	M	1	0	0 vs UK	2	0
Control	76	M	2	0	0	1	1+
Control	78	M	3	0	0	2	1+
Control	81	F	1	0	0 vs UK	1	0
AD	72	F	0.5	0	0	0.5	1+
AD	92	F	3	0.5	0.5	3	2+
GRN	60	M	3	0.5	0.5	2	0
GRN	64	M	3	0	0.5	3	1+
ALS	50	M	3	0	0	2	0
ALS	50	M	3	0	0	1	0
ALS	51	M	2	0	0	1	0
ALS	63	M	3	0	0.5	1	0
ALS	64	M	2	0	0	1	0
ALS/FTD	59	M	2	0.5	0.5	1	0
FTLD-P301L	49	M	3	2	UK	2	ND
FTLD-P301L	52	M	2	2	1	3	3+
FTLD-P301L	53	M	3	3	1	3	3+
FTLD-P301L	56	M	3	3	2	2	3+
FTLD-P301L	58	M	2	2	1	1	3+
FTLD-P301L	58	M	3	3	2	2	3+
FTLD-P301L	61	F	2	1	1	1	3+
FTLD-P301L	63	F	2	2	1	2	3+
FTLD-P301L	72	M	3	3	2	3	3+
FTLD-P301L	75	M	3	1	0.5	3	3+

Table after [54], arranged by clinical diagnosis: control, non-neurological diseases; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; GRN, frontotemporal dementia with mutations in the progranulin gene; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS/FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia; FTLD-P301L, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with P301L mutation in the MAPT gene. M, male; F, female. Cleft, nuclear cleft; Cytopl, cytoplasmic granular lamin B stain; Discont, discontinuous nuclear edge; Angular, angled nuclear envelope; Phospho-tau, tau detected by the monoclonal antibody, AT8; UK, unknown; ND, not detected. Scoring criteria for tau deposits as per [6, 54]

ISSN: 1741-7007