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Table 1 Effect estimates (with standard deviations) of environmental predictors and associated species on species abundances considered in the study belonging to either the cavity nesting or canopy foraging guild

From: Species co-occurrence and management intensity modulate habitat preferences of forest birds

Species

Forest variables

Associated

BA

TreM richness

TreM abundance

ForMI

Conifer share

Altitude

Species 1

Species 2

Species 3

Species 4

Columba oenas

− 0.28 (0.21)

  

− 0.17 (0.154)

 

− 0.63 (0.6)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Dendrocopos major

− 0.33 (0.17)

    

− 0.71 (0.35)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Dryocopus martius

− 0.28 (0.2)

  

− 0.17 (0.159)

 

− 1.07 (0.61)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Phylloscopus collybita

− 0.36 (0.16)

 

− 0.16 (0.13)

− 0.13 (0.092)

  

P. palustris

− 0.08 (0.05)

S. atricapilla

0.16 (0.04)

  

Sylvia atricapilla

− 0.39 (0.15)

     

NA

NA

NA

NA

Regulus ignicapilla

− 0.25 (0.16)

   

− 0.71 (0.3)

 

C. caeruleus

− 0.08 (0.05)

P. major

0.14 (0.11)

  

Regulus regulus

   

− 0.17 (0.088)

0.73 (0.3)

− 0.4 (0.26)

C. caeruleus

− 0.06 (0.04)

P. collybita

− 0.03 (0.02)

  

Aegithalos caudatos

− 0.32 (0.2)

0.79 (0.44)

   

− 1.92 (0.74)

C. caeruleus

− 0.23 (0.15)

P. ater

− 0.24 (0.12)

S. atricapilla

0.21 (0.11)

 

Cyanistes caeruleus

    

− 2.32 (0.75)

− 1.93 (0.74)

L. cristatus

0.37 (0.21)

P. major

1.3 (0.33)

P. ater

− 0.25 (0.13)

S. atricapilla

− 0.19 (0.12)

Lophophanes cristatus

− 0.27 (0.16)

  

− 0.17 (0.092)

  

C. oenas

− 0.61 (0.26)

D. major

− 0.1 (0.05)

  

Parus major

− 0.25 (0.16)

  

− 0.13 (0.089)

 

− 0.58 (0.29)

L. cristatus

− 0.15 (0.06)

   

Periparus ater

     

1.27 (0.46)

L. cristatus

0.29 (0.09)

P. major

− 4 (0.72)

P. palustris

− 0.11 (0.09)

 

Poecile palustris

− 0.28 (0.2)

  

− 0.17 (0.124)

− 1.7 (0.73)

− 0.74 (0.58)

C. oenas

0.44 (0.21)

   

Sitta europaea

− 0.26 (0.17)

  

− 0.22 (0.12)

− 0.73 (0.33)

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

Certhia brachydactyla

− 0.29 (0.21)

 

− 1.13 (0.69)

− 0.21 (0.161)

 

− 3.05 (0.96)

P. major

0.92 (0.33)

   

Certhia familiaris

− 0.23 (0.17)

  

− 0.14 (0.087)

  

L. cristatus

0.12 (0.05)

C. caeruleus

− 0.043 (0.035)

  
  1. BA basal area, ForMI forest management intensity index, NA not applicable to species considered not to be influenced by other species due to life history traits (see “Methods” and Additional file 1)