Fig. 1

bPAC light and dark activity. A cAMP concentrations from whole Xenopus oocytes kept in the dark (dark) or after illumination with 0.3 mW mm^-2 473 nm for 30 s (light). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments with 5 oocytes each. ***p < 0.0001, *p < 0.05, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons vs control following one-way ANOVA (p < 0.0001). B Endogenous PDE activity in oocyte extracts. At time 0 minutes 0.15 μM cAMP was added to the soluble extracts in the absence (control) or presence of 1 mM IBMX (+ IBMX). n = 3 experiments, extracts pooled from 15 oocytes. C cAMP production of Venus-bPAC containing soluble extract after adding ATP into the reaction buffer in the absence and presence of 1 mM IBMX under dark condition. Note that the control oocyte (black in C) did not produce any cAMP after adding ATP. D Light (473 nm) intensity dependence of mean normalized cAMP production by Venus-bPAC or bPAC at 473 nm. K_m = 26.2 μW mm^-2 and 24.8 μW mm^-2, respectively. E Working mechanism of the PKA activity FRET sensor Booster-PKA. F Representative ratio images (mKate2/mKoκ) of the hippocampal neurons expressing Booster-PKA alone or together with bPAC. Shown at right are individual measurements, median, and interquartile range. ***p < 0.0001, **p < 0.001, unpaired t tests. n = 20, 10, 7, and 18